We have talked at length in today's daily and recent Sunday recaps about our expectation for a mega-cycle in chemicals because of an unwillingness to deploy capital as uncertainty rises. The exception is likely to be large oil producers looking at long-term downstream integration plans, with the primary objective of consuming captive crude oil. The Aramco ambitions in China bear some similarities to the ExxonMobil investment announced for China last year. While the crude oil market may be tight and prices may be high today, few oil producers believe that demand will not ultimately be hurt by renewable penetration and EV and hydrogen growth as transport fuels. Looking for captive crude oil demand is a logical step for the major and it is likely that the Aramco ambitions include refining as well as chemicals in China.
The upwards pressure on crude oil prices will likely drive propane prices much higher in the near term and this will significantly impact propane dehydrogenation (PDH) costs in the US and put further upward pressure on propylene prices and prices for propylene derivatives. Note in the exhibit below that US polymer prices are turning slightly more positive relative to Asia again. While some of this will be cost-based issues in the US, especially for polypropylene, higher freight rates (again) continue to make it difficult for producers in Asia to maintain attractive operating rates and make it harder to push prices higher to reflect what are now rapidly escalating costs. The oil moves today may result in more capacity closures in Asia, which should lead to better pricing, but as we noted in our Weekly on Monday (and likely more extreme today) outside of US ethane-based ethylene producers, no one is making money producing ethylene today. Prices are going higher.
The decline in US and global chemical pricing this week (as discussed in today's daily) is a function of oversupply in the US and lower costs in the rest of the world. The US has had an incentive to produce everything for most of the year and has had essentially full capacity to do so since the beginning of the 4th quarter. This will have collided with seasonally weaker incremental demand in December and the recent abrupt drop in oil and gas prices to swing momentum very much in favor of buyers. Polymer prices have to date been more stubborn in the US, but we expect continued weakness here also through the end of the year.
We continue to see significant volatility in US product prices, and this increases uncertainty around the underlying direction of the markets for the balance of the year. The recent storms have likely created enough production interruptions to take any slack that had been developing in August out of play, and while we see that in the most recent moves for ethylene and propylene – Exhibit below - it is likely more interesting to see what happens with polymer pricing as we move through the balance of September – as this will determine profits for most. While we focus on the high prices in the US more than we do the prices in Europe, it is also worth noting that European polyolefin margins remain very high, with one local producer confirming this week that records continue to be set in terms of cash flows and unit profitability. The frustration for the US producers impacted by the storm is that while their plant closures may be contributing to the tight markets, they do not get the benefit of the higher margins on the impacted facilities. While we would expect many to produce extremely high numbers for 3Q – a handful will likely lament how much they could have made had their plants operated fully. See more in today's daily report.
The Baystar polyethylene start-up date is consistent with the guidance that the company has been providing for a while, but it still leaves the venture with an ethylene surplus until that time and while the ethylene has been placed, according to the company, the ethylene that it has displaced will likely keep some downward pressure on US ethylene pricing until the polymer plant starts up (all things being equal). Even when the polymer plant starts, the US is expected to have a net ethylene surplus and we would expect exports to continue and prices to reflect levels to make the exports possible.
The weakness in polymer pricing in Asia and the drag that auto sales had on US consumer spending in May (spending was up ex-autos) should begin to undermine the very strong polypropylene market in the US, and the fall may happen at a reasonable clip. Polypropylene is more fungible than polyethylene, in that much more of the customization of polypropylene comes post-production rather than during production. There are several unique polyethylene technologies, especially for linear-low where the process drives the properties and adds value. For polypropylene, while there is some of this, most product is compounded and consequently, there is more fungibility before compounding and less risk from experimenting with suppliers. If freight rates were not so high as discussed in today's daily, we believe that we would have seen a notable amount of polypropylene moving from Asia to the US by now.
USGC ethylene spot prices have weakened since reaching a multi-year peak in mid-April, something we have discussed for some time. This week's downtick in propylene values is a bit more unique as it has occurred alongside weakness in other monomer markets, which is a general trend that appears likely to gain momentum. Most monomer markets are weakening from recent 2Q21 highs in the US. We broadly find an increasing level of support for our view that many commodity chemical product prices will peak for the year in 2Q21. Exhibit 1 in our Daily Report shows an Asia arbitrage that should allow US ethylene to move to Asia, but is in the potential to take it because of local Asia surpluses, Asia prices will remain under pressure, although ethylene values in this region are fast approaching costs. We will soon be back to the previous equilibrium in an oversupplied ethylene market, where the economics of Asia production sets prices, and US exporters make a margin based on their cost advantage. The question now is how long it is before polymer prices follow.
The chart below and the others in our daily report linked add more weight to our argument that polymer grade propylene prices in the US have some downside and that it could happen relatively quickly, especially if ethylene producers play the current propane feedstock arbitrage to their full extent. Given weaker propylene derivative markets outside the US, propylene derivative pricing would likely come under some negative pressure if propylene prices fell.