We should not be surprised by the blow-out earnings this week from Livent and Albemarle, as our “critical metals” analysis has been highlighting the runaway prices for lithium all year. This price rise has a much more profound impact on the current suppliers than the start-ups that either have minimal volumes to sell today or none at all. Both Livent and Albemarle were established players in lithium long before the current hype. The higher valuation for Albemarle is both a blessing and a curse in our view as the company is now a little hamstrung with respect to further portfolio changes, given that no one will pay as much for the catalyst and bromine businesses as is reflected in current valuation. You would need to be very convinced that the more focused lithium portfolio would see a further step up in valuation multiple to account for what would inevitably be earnings dilutive divestments.
While we remain advocates of “stronger for longer” with respect to chemical demand and pricing in the US, the auto data does suggest that the US consumer may be cooling off a bit in reaction to higher prices and higher borrowing rates. Historically, the chemical industry has a habit of running headlong into a downturn while waving an “everything is great” flag, and the RPM results and outlook have a vague “deja vu” feel to them. We also note some surprise at the robustness of the MDI market in the chart below, and it would be wrong not to admit that our cautionary antennas are rising. The auto exposed products should still see some upside from higher auto production in the second half of the year, but otherwise, a possible consumer pullback to take the wind out of the sector sales, especially if the US is constrained moving out products because of container and shipping issues. The significant cost advantage remains in the US but the ethylene market over the last week is a reminder of what can happen when you struggle to find someone who can take the last pound. Given infrastructure, energy, and clean energy investment, as well as reshoring, many materials could see significant offsets to consumer spending pullbacks and our focus would remain on PVC and building products, as most of the hit would be in consumer durables. Metals demand should remain strong regardless. For more see today's daily report.
One of the key messages from the World Petrochemical Conference is that it is not an oil shortage, it is a commodity shortage, and we show our key metals index (updated through February) again in the chart below. We will update this again at the end of March (when consistent data is available) and given what has happened to both lithium and nickel prices we would expect a jump in the March index.
Could what we are seeing in metals happen in chemicals and polymers? Over the last few weeks, we have seen already high metals pricing spike even further, both because of production shortfalls and because of expectation of higher demand, especially in the renewables space, as conventional energy prices have spiked. We show a lithium example below, but note that after chaotic nickel trading last week and a halt to trading, the market has made some attempts to reopen this morning with renewed problems.
We are already seeing the impact of ESG-pressure related underinvestment in many commodities, and the picture that Olin paints around chlor-alkali is not dissimilar to some of the analyses that could be done around some metals today – especially those that are critically important to the EV, Solar, and Wind industries – this is a topic that we have covered at length. While chlor-alkali may be a pressing very near-term example of how underinvestment could impact chemicals, we suspect that the issue may be much broader, just not yet apparent in other sectors because of the wave of new investment from 2017 through 2022. The polyethylene equivalent chart to the one below would show more balanced supply/demand in the 22 – 24 period than for chlor-alkali but the same deficit thereafter. Many of the other base chemicals would look the same. This supports our expectation of an industry mega-cycle, possibly starting as early as 2023. Of course, there is time to add new capacity by 2025/26, but most companies are more focused today on how they comply with tighter environmental standards today than they are on their next expansion. Further hindering new expansion-driven capital investment decisions is the uncertainty around polymer demand (how much will be recycled, will there be more bans, will there be a substitution from other materials). Our view is that base polymer demand will continue to grow and that we will run short as a consequence of underinvestment. See our report titled - Waiting For The Big One – Is A Chemical Mega-Cycle Ahead?