We reflect back on our BASF comments of last week and see Covestro falling into the same trap, by underestimating the potential slowdown in discretionary spending in Europe (and the US) and consequently putting too much hope into revised guidance. At the same time, we are not sure what would be gained by painting a picture of doom and gloom, but we would hedge much more overtly if we were offering guidance around the business outlook today.
We have discussed in several recent reports the very mixed fortunes in the intermediate and specialty chemical sector related to whether companies have been able to move prices fast enough to cover costs. The two large blue bars in the AkzoNobel chart below show that Akzo was close, but did not make it. We expect other examples like this over the coming weeks but we also expect some companies to have done better – some of this depends on mix and contract terms, but a lot has to do with how early you acted on the rising cost trend and how aggressive you were willing to be with customers. Dow is another example of a company struggling to get pricing high enough to cover cost increases, although Dow and others have aggressive price increase announcements in the market for polyethylene for April and May that would make a significant difference to US margins if successful.
One of the key messages from the World Petrochemical Conference is that it is not an oil shortage, it is a commodity shortage, and we show our key metals index (updated through February) again in the chart below. We will update this again at the end of March (when consistent data is available) and given what has happened to both lithium and nickel prices we would expect a jump in the March index.
As we have been suggesting for some time, there are pockets of real strength in chemicals; identifying them is the hard part. It is not enough to have pricing strength in a market where raw material prices are volatile daily and we have seen plenty of examples of companies with very strong end demand dynamics missing earnings because of a cost squeeze. We continue to highlight the competitive strength in the US in basic chemicals because of the decoupled and relatively low natural gas price and this is likely a large piece of the Dow earnings strength – strong polyethylene demand against a backdrop of relatively stable and lower costs. While polypropylene (Braskem) remains extremely profitable in the US, it has seen more sequential weakness than polyethylene – as we show in Exhibit 1 of today's daily report. That said, both polyethylene and polypropylene margins in the US are significantly higher than was likely expected this year and certainly what has been reflected in stock valuations, even with the commodity chemicals rally. Dow is also seeing the benefit of a very strong silicones market – something that was covered in detail in Wacker’s release earlier this month.
Following on from the core theme of today's daily report, demand could provide the lifeline that the US chemical industry needs to get through what looks like a potentially oversupplied 2022 – note the successful start-up of the ExxonMobil/SABIC facility in Texas, announced today. While we still think that the US market will be looser in 2022 than in 2021, barring any above-trend weather events, strong demand growth could offer some pricing protection for the industry – especially given the input inflationary pressures that we are seeing. If the customer base is looking for increases in deliveries, which we expect to be the case in 2022, it will be easier to defend pricing and gain pricing where costs are higher. Some of the momentum that we are seeing in the commodity stocks year to date is a function of a broader inflation trade, but some is likely in anticipation that 2022 will not be as bad as had been expected and on that basis, the sector looks particularly inexpensive – even today after the early year rally. It will be a little harder for the specialty and intermediate companies depending on how long they have to play a lagging catch-up game with costs. But if, and when, costs peak, they should see margin expansion as costs fall and will be able to keep some of the gains, especially if their demand is also growing.
Following on from the LyondellBasell commentary in today's daily report, we would make one further, but very important point. With its refinery (granted the company is exploring opportunities to exit) and its huge commodity polyethylene, polypropylene, and propylene oxide business, any attempt to pursue a “specialty” strategy that encompasses the whole portfolio will be seen (crudely) as trying to put some lipstick on a pig! This rarely works in the chemical sector and the real transformation stories involve wholesale portfolio shifts, many of which have taken notable periods of time to develop. We still believe that the right path for LyondellBasell is to spin off the good piece – recycling, licensing, and compounding, or even better, find someone they can sell the business to through a Reverse Morris Trust. This strategy would likely allow the company to pay down (or shift) a significant amount of debt. The commodity business can then focus on the best strategy for a commodity polymer business in the face of energy transition, which might involve taking the business private or merging with another.
Our latest Sunday Thematic research report titled, "Reshoring Should Remain Supportive of Chemicals in ’22" studied the investment in US enterprise zones, near and medium-term, and the broad-based benefits for domestic supply chains.
Our Sunday Thematic research a week ago (see linked report) discussed slowing growth investment in the traditional commodity chemical industry and suggested that ESG and climate pressures might slow investment even further. Yesterday, our Sunday Thematic made the argument that some of those dollars will target strategic M&A. We have recently seen an uptick in global chemicals sector M&A, and we find few items suggesting activity levels will slow in the near-to-medium term. In part, we think strategic M&A will be easier to get Board approval for than “new build” capacity additions, and it can be viewed as better use than holding cash or complementary to dividends and buybacks. Also, ESG and climate concerns could spur M&A activity, as companies look to separate bad emission assets from good ones – especially if the market values them very differently.
Global commodity chemicals are often a relative rather than an absolute game, especially where there is significant international trade. The global price of natural gas has risen dramatically, especially in countries or regions where the marginal BTU is coming from imported LNG – see yesterday’s daily report for a comparative chart. The US may be seeing much higher natural gas prices but other parts of the world have it much worse, and with most of its methanol capacity in regions/areas with very competitive natural gas, it is not surprising that Methanex is upbeat. The higher natural gas price in the US is giving Methanex and other US producers the ammunition to raise prices and the higher costs outside the US mean that international volumes are going to find more attractive markets in many locations versus the US. While we have seen some moves to create low carbon polymers and low carbon ammonia, this has not come to methanol yet and methanol does have one of the largest CO2 footprints, per ton of product. While Methanex is currently talking about returning surplus cash to shareholders, there may come a time – sooner rather than later – when some of that cash gets redirected to carbon abatement.